Relative Clauses

Relative Clauses for Kids | who, which, that, where | Grade 4 | English1to5.com
⭐ Grade 4 • Grammar • Topic 6 of 8🔗

Relative Clauses

who, which, that, where

Learn to join sentences using who, which, that, and where!

📖 Let’s Learn Relative Clauses!

A relative clause is a part of a sentence that gives extra information about a noun. It starts with words like who, which, that, where. Example: “The boy who won the race is my friend.”

Relative clauses help you write longer, more detailed sentences instead of short, choppy ones. They combine two ideas into one smooth sentence!

💡 The Rule

who = for people: “The girl who sings is my sister.”
which = for things/animals: “The book which I read was great.”
that = for both people and things: “The dog that barked is mine.”
where = for places: “The school where I study is big.”

🎯 Key Concept

🔗 who = people → The boy who won is my friend.
🔗 which = things → The cake which she made was tasty.
🔗 that = people OR things → The dog that barked is mine.
🔗 where = places → The city where I live is Mumbai.

📋 Relative Pronouns

👤
who

For PEOPLE: The teacher who taught us was kind.

📦
which

For THINGS/ANIMALS: The ball which I bought is red.

🔗
that

For BOTH: The boy/book that I saw was nice.

📍
where

For PLACES: The park where we play is big.

👤📦
whose

For POSSESSION: The girl whose bag is blue.

Joining

Two sentences become one: He is a boy. He won. → The boy who won.

🔗 Examples & Practice

Learn with organized examples and sentences!

👤

WHO (for people)

The boy who won the race is my friend.
who = the boy
“Two sentences joined: The boy is my friend. + He won the race.”
The teacher who taught us English was kind.
who = the teacher
“Who refers to the teacher — a person.”
I met a girl who speaks five languages.
who = a girl
“Who gives extra information about the girl.”
The doctor who treated me was very gentle.
who = the doctor
“Who connects the doctor to the extra information.”
Students who study hard always score well.
who = students
“Who tells us WHICH students score well.”
📦

WHICH (for things & animals)

The book which I read was interesting.
which = the book
“Which refers to things, not people.”
The cake which Mum made was delicious.
which = the cake
“Which gives extra information about the cake.”
The dog which barked all night is gone.
which = the dog
“Which can also be used for animals.”
The movie which we watched was funny.
which = the movie
“Which connects the movie to what we know about it.”
I found the pen which I had lost.
which = the pen
“Which tells us more about the pen.”
🔗

THAT (for people & things)

The boy that won is my friend.
that = the boy (person)
“That can replace who for people.”
The book that I read was great.
that = the book (thing)
“That can replace which for things.”
Everything that he said was true.
that = everything
“That is very common after words like everything, nothing, something.”
The team that won celebrated loudly.
that = the team
“That works for both people and things — very flexible!”
📍

WHERE (for places) & WHOSE (possession)

The city where I live is Mumbai.
where = the city
“Where tells us about a PLACE.”
The school where I study is near the park.
where = the school
“Where connects a place to extra information.”
The country where the Taj Mahal is located is India.
where = the country
“Where = in which (for places).”
The girl whose bag is blue is Priya.
whose = belonging to the girl
“Whose shows POSSESSION — something belongs to someone.”
The man whose car broke down called for help.
whose = the man’s
“Whose = who’s bag/car/book (possessive).”

📢 Read & Say: Which Relative Word?

Say each sentence — identify who/which/that/where!

The boy WHO won… (person)The book WHICH I read… (thing)The dog THAT barked… (either)The city WHERE I live… (place)The girl WHOSE bag… (possession)WHO = peopleWHICH = thingsWHERE = places

✏️ Choose the Right Relative Word

Choose the right answer!

1. The teacher ___ taught us was kind. (person)

2. The cake ___ Mum made was delicious. (thing)

3. The park ___ we play is near my house. (place)

4. The girl ___ bag is red is Priya. (possession)

5. Everything ___ he said was true. (thing)

🎯 Who, Which, That, or Where?

Click each to identify the right relative word!

Click any to check!

📝 Sentence Joining Practice

See how two short sentences become one using relative clauses!

1

The boy is my friend. + He won the race. = The boy who won the race is my friend.

2

I read a book. + The book was interesting. = The book which I read was interesting.

3

I live in a city. + The city is Mumbai. = The city where I live is Mumbai.

4

She is a girl. + Her bag is blue. = The girl whose bag is blue is Priya.

5

Everything was true. + He said it. = Everything that he said was true.

6

The teacher was kind. + She taught us. = The teacher who taught us was kind.

🧠

Memory Trick

Remember:
WHO = Who is the person?
WHICH = Which thing?
WHERE = Where is the place?
WHOSE = Whose possession?
THAT = works for all!

🎮 Relative Clauses Quiz

Test what you’ve learned!

“Who” is used for…

“Which” is used for…

“Where” is used for…

“That” can be used for…

“Whose” shows…

“The boy who won” — who refers to…

Relative clauses give…

Two sentences can be ___ using relative clauses.

🎉 Quiz Complete!

0/8

🌟

Fun Facts

The word “who” has been used as a relative pronoun in English for over 1,000 years! It comes from Old English “hwā.”

In spoken English, “that” is used much more than “who” or “which” — it is the most versatile relative pronoun because it works for both people and things!

🧠 Tips for Parents

🔗

Combine Sentences

Give two short sentences, child joins them: “I have a friend. She sings well.” → “I have a friend WHO sings well.” Great practice!

📖

Spot in Books

While reading together, find relative clauses: “The wizard WHO lived in the tower…” Ask which relative word is used and why.

💬

Description Game

“Describe me using who/which/where!” → “You are a person WHO loves cricket, WHO lives in a house WHERE there is a garden.” Fun + grammar!

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